We thank Prof. Laurel Eckhardt for support of the faculty development workshops at the CUNY Graduate Center; Profs. Shubha Govind and Anu Janakiraman for comments on a draft of the manuscript; and Dara Duncan, Alan Gottesman, and Jamila Hoque for assistance in data processing and discussions of the data. We also thank all of the CREATE implementers and their students for participating in the CREATE courses and associated surveys. This project was approved by CCNY IRB (protocol H-0633). We are very grateful to the NSF for support of the CREATE project. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on a previous version of the manuscript. This paper is based on work supported by the NSF Course, Curriculum and Laboratory Improvement/Transforming Undergraduate Education in Science program under DUE 0618536. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.